{"_license": "Reuse with attribution is welcome; copying the work is not. Data (/api/**.json): CC BY 4.0. Charts, share images, embeds and quotes: free to reuse when credited \"History of Market · 美股编年史 (historyofmarket.com)\" with a link. No derivative or look-alike sites, no use of the brand names, no citation without the source. Terms: https://historyofmarket.com/license/", "_attribution": "History of Market · 美股编年史 (historyofmarket.com)", "_canonical": "https://historyofmarket.com/api/consumer/definitions.json", "_terms": "https://historyofmarket.com/license/", "updated": "2026-09-06", "source": {"name": "Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS), structure effective close of 2023-03-17", "url": "https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/landing/topic/gics/", "secondary": "https://www.msci.com/indexes/index-resources/gics", "method": "Sector, industry-group codes and industry-group names transcribed from the published GICS structure. Membership examples are current index constituents of the two Select Sector indices, not an exhaustive list."}, "sectors": [{"key": "discretionary", "etf": "XLY", "gicsCode": "25", "name_cn": "可选消费", "name_en": "Consumer Discretionary", "definition_cn": "GICS 第 25 号板块。收入对经济周期最敏感的消费:汽车、耐用消费品与服装、餐饮酒店与教育等消费服务,以及非必需品的分销与零售。读者可以把它当成「收入预期的读数」——家庭对未来更有把握时先买的东西,都在这里。2018 年的 GICS 重组把媒体(旧 2540)整体移出本板块,所以 Netflix 与迪士尼今天不算消费股。", "definition_en": "GICS sector 25. The consumption most sensitive to the cycle: automobiles, consumer durables and apparel, consumer services such as restaurants, hotels and education, and the distribution and retail of non-essentials. Read it as a gauge of expected household income — the purchases families make first when they feel surer about next year. The 2018 GICS revision moved Media (the former group 2540) out of this sector, which is why Netflix and Disney are not consumer names today.", "industryGroups": [{"code": "2510", "name_cn": "汽车与零部件", "name_en": "Automobiles & Components"}, {"code": "2520", "name_cn": "耐用消费品与服装", "name_en": "Consumer Durables & Apparel"}, {"code": "2530", "name_cn": "消费服务", "name_en": "Consumer Services"}, {"code": "2550", "name_cn": "可选消费分销与零售", "name_en": "Consumer Discretionary Distribution & Retail"}], "examples": ["AMZN", "TSLA", "HD", "MCD", "BKNG", "TJX", "NKE", "SBUX"]}, {"key": "staples", "etf": "XLP", "gicsCode": "30", "name_cn": "必需消费", "name_en": "Consumer Staples", "definition_cn": "GICS 第 30 号板块。无论周期在哪一段都要买的东西:食品饮料与烟草、家庭与个人护理用品,以及卖这些东西的分销与零售商。它的商业模型建立在重复购买与品牌定价权上,所以现金流的振幅比可选消费小得多——代价是它几乎从不领涨。", "definition_en": "GICS sector 30. What households buy at every point in the cycle: food, beverages and tobacco, household and personal products, and the distributors and retailers that carry them. The business model rests on repeat purchase and brand pricing power, so the cash flows swing far less than discretionary ones — at the cost of almost never leading a rally.", "industryGroups": [{"code": "3010", "name_cn": "必需消费分销与零售", "name_en": "Consumer Staples Distribution & Retail"}, {"code": "3020", "name_cn": "食品、饮料与烟草", "name_en": "Food, Beverage & Tobacco"}, {"code": "3030", "name_cn": "家庭与个人用品", "name_en": "Household & Personal Products"}], "examples": ["WMT", "COST", "PG", "KO", "PEP", "PM", "MO", "CL"]}], "edgeCases": [{"ticker": "AMZN", "name": "Amazon.com", "sector": "discretionary", "note_cn": "亚马逊卖生鲜也卖日用品,但 GICS 按收入结构把它归在可选消费的分销与零售(2550),不是必需消费。", "note_en": "Amazon sells groceries and household goods, yet GICS classifies it by revenue mix into Consumer Discretionary Distribution & Retail (2550), not Staples."}, {"ticker": "COST", "name": "Costco Wholesale", "sector": "staples", "note_cn": "好市多在必需消费(3010),因为会员制仓储店的销售以食品与日用品为主——同一个货架逻辑,分类结果和亚马逊相反。", "note_en": "Costco sits in Staples (3010): a membership warehouse's sales are dominated by food and household goods — the same shelf, the opposite classification from Amazon."}, {"ticker": "WMT", "name": "Walmart", "sector": "staples", "note_cn": "沃尔玛一直在必需消费(3010),从来不在可选消费——它是这条边界最稳定的一侧。", "note_en": "Walmart has always been Staples (3010), never Discretionary — the most stable side of this boundary."}, {"ticker": "TGT", "name": "Target", "sector": "staples", "note_cn": "2023 年 3 月 17 日从可选消费迁入必需消费;在此之前的历史序列里它属于可选消费。", "note_en": "Moved from Discretionary to Staples on 2023-03-17; in any series before that date it is a Discretionary name."}, {"ticker": "DG", "name": "Dollar General", "sector": "staples", "note_cn": "与 Target、Dollar Tree 同日(2023-03-17)迁入必需消费。", "note_en": "Moved to Staples on 2023-03-17, the same day as Target and Dollar Tree."}, {"ticker": "DLTR", "name": "Dollar Tree", "sector": "staples", "note_cn": "同上,2023-03-17 迁入必需消费。", "note_en": "Likewise moved to Staples on 2023-03-17."}, {"ticker": "TSLA", "name": "Tesla", "sector": "discretionary", "note_cn": "特斯拉在可选消费的汽车与零部件(2510)。它不是科技股——至少在 GICS 的账本上不是。", "note_en": "Tesla sits in Discretionary, group 2510 Automobiles & Components. It is not a technology name — not on the GICS ledger, at any rate."}, {"ticker": "MCD", "name": "McDonald's", "sector": "discretionary", "note_cn": "餐饮属于消费服务(2530),因此在可选消费——即使它的客单价低到接近日常开支。", "note_en": "Restaurants fall under Consumer Services (2530) and are therefore Discretionary, however routine the ticket size."}, {"ticker": "SBUX", "name": "Starbucks", "sector": "discretionary", "note_cn": "同为消费服务(2530),与麦当劳同侧。", "note_en": "Also Consumer Services (2530), on the same side as McDonald's."}, {"ticker": "NFLX", "name": "Netflix", "sector": "none", "note_cn": "不是消费股。2018 年 GICS 重组把媒体与娱乐移入通信服务(50),Netflix 从此不在 25 也不在 30。", "note_en": "Not a consumer name. The 2018 GICS revision moved media and entertainment into Communication Services (50); Netflix has been outside both 25 and 30 ever since."}, {"ticker": "DIS", "name": "Walt Disney", "sector": "none", "note_cn": "同上,2018 年起属于通信服务(50),不属于可选消费。", "note_en": "Likewise Communication Services (50) since 2018, not Consumer Discretionary."}]}