History of Market · The Chronicle of the U.S. Stock Market S&P 500
Gathering I · leaf 13 of 27
S&P 500 · Return Decomposition (TTM)

S&P 500 · Return Decomposition (TTM) — Was it a multiple year or an earnings year?

Return attribution — Each year's move split into valuation change vs. earnings change.

Every year's price return from 1928 onward, split into two pieces — change in TTM PE multiple and change in TTM EPS (Shiller basis). Same-sign years with one side dominant are labelled 'multiple-driven' or 'EPS-driven'; balanced same-sign years are 'both'; opposite-sign years are 'fighting'. Stacked bars above, sortable table below. The textbook years — 2008-2009, 2020, 2023-2024 — pop out immediately.

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What this page answers

Decomposing by the identity (1+price return) = (1+PE change) × (1+EPS change), the 98 years of the S&P 500 split into 17 valuation-driven, 13 EPS-driven, and 5 both-engines years, with the remainder offsetting. Over the long run earnings carry the return; valuation sets each year's temper.

Every year's price return from 1928 onward, split into two pieces — change in TTM PE multiple and change in TTM EPS (Shiller basis). Same-sign years with one side dominant are labelled 'multiple-driven' or 'EPS-driven'; balanced same-sign years are 'both'; opposite-sign years are 'fighting'. Stacked bars above, sortable table below. The textbook years — 2008-2009, 2020, 2023-2024 — pop out immediately. The data is refreshed by the History of Market pipeline and published as a stable JSON endpoint for research, citation, and AI-agent use.

The plate

S&P 500 · Return Decomposition (TTM) — Was it a multiple year or an earnings year?0%100%200%19401960198020002020PEEPS
Plate I.13 Every year's price return from 1928 onward, split into two pieces — change in TTM PE multiple and change in TTM EPS (Shiller basis). Same-sign years with one side dominant are labelled 'multiple-driven' or 'EPS-driven'; balanced same-sign years are 'both'; opposite-sign years are 'fighting'. Stacked bars above, sortable table below. The textbook years — 2008-2009, 2020, 2023-2024 — pop out immediately. 2026-08-14

Latest Snapshot

Updated
2026-08-14
Observations
98
Observations
98
Sample
1928 – 2025

S&P 500 — year-by-year valuation × EPS decomposition

S&P 500 — year-by-year valuation × EPS decomposition
YearPrice returnPE changeEPS changeDriver
2025+16.4%+2.3%+11.5%EPS-driven
2024+23.3%+17.5%+6.2%valuation-driven
2023+24.2%+7.5%+7.8%both
2022-19.4%-4.2%-18.0%EPS-driven
2021+26.9%-39.8%+96.4%EPS drag
2020+16.3%+72.3%-33.4%valuation drag
2019+28.9%+17.5%+3.0%valuation-driven
2018-6.2%-20.0%+18.2%valuation drag
2017+19.4%+2.1%+13.8%EPS-driven
2016+9.5%+0.1%+7.0%EPS-driven
2015-0.7%+18.2%-16.0%valuation drag
2014+11.4%+11.3%+1.3%valuation-driven
2013+29.6%+9.7%+14.1%both
2012+13.4%+15.0%-2.2%valuation drag
2011-0.0%-10.9%+9.2%valuation drag
2010+12.8%-26.3%+49.5%EPS drag
2009+23.5%-63.1%+233.4%EPS drag
2008-38.5%+163.9%-77.5%valuation drag
2007+3.5%+28.6%-22.0%valuation drag
2006+13.6%-3.8%+13.8%EPS drag
2005+3.0%-11.8%+15.3%EPS drag
2004+9.0%-7.6%+16.3%EPS drag
2003+26.4%-32.0%+73.4%EPS drag
2002-23.4%-29.7%+9.2%valuation drag
2001-13.0%+74.2%-51.4%valuation drag
2000-10.1%-10.3%+0.4%valuation-driven
1999+19.5%-6.0%+24.4%EPS drag
1998+26.7%+30.3%-6.6%valuation drag
1997+31.0%+26.3%+0.9%valuation-driven
1996+20.3%+6.0%+10.4%EPS-driven
1995+34.1%+21.6%+8.2%valuation-driven
1994-1.5%-30.1%+36.1%EPS drag
1993+7.1%-6.7%+11.6%EPS drag
1992+4.5%-6.2%+16.2%EPS drag
1991+26.3%+57.9%-27.4%valuation drag
1990-6.6%+1.1%-12.1%EPS-driven
1989+27.3%+30.9%-8.0%valuation drag
1988+12.4%-15.5%+30.0%EPS drag
1987+2.0%-19.8%+15.7%valuation drag
1986+14.6%+21.0%-2.0%valuation-driven
1985+26.3%+43.5%-15.4%valuation drag
1984+1.4%-15.6%+14.1%valuation drag
1983+17.3%+6.3%+6.9%both
1982+14.8%+36.9%-20.7%valuation drag
1981-9.7%-10.5%-4.9%valuation-driven
1980+25.8%+24.3%-11.4%valuation drag
1979+12.3%-6.9%+6.4%valuation drag
1978+1.1%-9.6%+3.9%valuation drag
1977-11.5%-18.5%+3.0%valuation drag
1976+19.2%-5.1%+18.7%EPS drag
1975+31.6%+47.8%-16.3%valuation drag
1974-29.7%-35.1%-3.0%valuation-driven
1973-17.4%-36.5%+16.9%valuation drag
1972+15.6%+5.2%+8.9%EPS-driven
1971+10.8%-0.9%+7.6%EPS-driven
1970+0.1%+11.4%-15.9%EPS drag
1969-11.4%-14.8%-5.5%valuation-driven
1968+7.7%+3.4%+3.2%both
1967+20.1%+22.1%-6.8%valuation drag
1966-13.1%-17.1%+3.4%valuation drag
1965+9.1%-4.2%+11.9%EPS drag
1964+13.0%0.0%+12.1%EPS-driven
1963+18.9%+8.1%+7.8%both
1962-11.8%-24.1%+13.6%valuation drag
1961+23.1%+29.5%-3.1%valuation drag
1960-3.0%-0.3%-4.8%EPS-driven
1959+8.5%-5.9%+15.3%EPS drag
1958+38.1%+54.6%-15.7%valuation drag
1957-14.3%-12.1%-4.0%valuation-driven
1956+2.6%+8.7%-8.5%valuation drag
1955+26.4%-0.7%+30.2%EPS-driven
1954+45.0%+27.6%+11.2%valuation-driven
1953-6.6%-8.9%+3.8%valuation drag
1952+11.8%+13.1%-2.4%valuation drag
1951+16.4%+38.0%-19.0%valuation drag
1950+21.7%-2.5%+15.6%EPS drag
1949+10.5%+7.5%+3.5%valuation-driven
1948-0.7%-29.0%+38.1%EPS drag
19470.0%-34.6%+39.6%EPS drag
1946-11.9%-20.9%-6.6%valuation-driven
1945+30.7%+28.1%+1.0%valuation-driven
1944+13.8%+15.4%-3.3%valuation drag
1943+19.5%+32.1%-11.4%valuation drag
1942+12.4%+22.4%-18.6%valuation drag
1941-17.9%-24.7%+0.5%valuation-driven
1940-15.1%-27.0%+15.8%valuation drag
1939-5.2%-30.7%+40.6%EPS drag
1938+24.6%+103.4%-41.7%valuation drag
1937-38.6%-41.7%+7.7%valuation drag
1936+27.9%-2.5%+32.3%EPS drag
1935+41.4%-9.2%+50.6%EPS drag
1934-4.7%-16.6%+9.7%valuation drag
1933+44.1%+36.3%+6.5%valuation-driven
1932-14.8%+20.2%-25.1%EPS drag
1931-47.1%-13.5%-30.7%EPS-driven
1930-28.5%+20.3%-35.6%EPS drag
1929-11.9%-20.8%+16.0%valuation drag
1928+37.9%+6.7%+25.8%EPS-driven

Showing the full record (98 rows). Raw series: https://historyofmarket.com/api/sp500/driver-decomp.json

Data & Source

GET /api/sp500/driver-decomp.json — Canonical dataset endpoint.

Exchange closing prices · Company filings · Robert Shiller · FRED · NBER.

FAQ

Where does this data come from?

History of Market combines public market and macro datasets — exchange closing prices, company filings, Robert Shiller, FRED, NBER, and the UBS Global Investment Returns Yearbook (Dimson–Marsh–Staunton). The exact endpoint for this panel is linked below.

How often is it updated?

Daily-tier datasets refresh after the U.S. market close, with a broader weekly refresh on Sunday. The timestamp shown on this page comes from the JSON payload.

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Yes, for research and education with attribution to History of Market. Upstream data sources retain their own terms.